Pass XOR Fail

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Pappu wants to attend the Machine Learning workshop at Pravega. However, the tickets are sold out, and the only way to get in is to get an X-clusive VIP Pass. To get that, Pappu needs to pass a test: he will be given a single non-negative integer $R$ and he will have to reply with the XOR (exclusive or) of all the integers between $0$ and $R$, including $R$. Can you help Pappu pass the test?

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solution.cppC++17

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